Microsimulation (microscopic) analysis is often used for conducting a traffic analysis with a high level of precision. The purpose of this section is to provide an overview of the tools available to complete a Microsimulation (microscopic) analysis and the performance measures used to evaluate operations.

Microsimulation (microscopic) analysis is the most detailed level of analysis available and needs the most time and data inputs. Individual vehicle movements are modeled using car following and lane-changing theories (FHWA Traffic Analysis Toolbox Volume II: Decision Support Methodology for Selecting Traffic Analysis Tools). Vehicles in a network are assigned a vehicle and driver behavior type and tracked through the network for short time periods. It is recommended that Microsimulation (microscopic) models be calibrated for a specific area and adjusted for different driving behaviors. Microscopic analysis is well-suited for analyzing unique transportation situations, such as unique geometry or bottlenecks with queue spillovers or interaction with public transit. Microsimulation (microscopic) analysis provides in-depth results with higher accuracy. Based on a project’s complexity level, scope, and budget, conducting a Microsimulation (microscopic) analysis may not be possible, especially for screening many alternatives or analyzing a large area.

The study area or segment is determined based on the area of influence of the project. For example, in segments with bottlenecks at the ends of the study segment, it is recommended that the area of influence is expanded to include the upstream and downstream intersections/interchanges.