Section 5: Glare and Sky Glow Issues
Introduction
Roadway lighting systems are coming under greater scrutiny
from various sectors of the public. Issues such as glare, sky glow,
and aesthetic lighting have achieved widespread attention and are open
to criticism. Lighting designers should become familiar with these
issues and be prepared to design lighting systems that meet required
illumination levels while also considering the environmental and
aesthetic effects.
Communities are adopting lighting ordinances meant to reduce
sky glow (popularly termed “light pollution”). Lighting designers
should be on notice that this is a very important issue. Light emitted above
the horizontal does not benefit roadway lighting, but it can contribute
to glare and may be considered visual clutter. Many people consider
sky glow undesirable and even offensive. This is an important issue
with the astronomical community, and is particularly annoying when
equally effective lighting systems can be designed that reduce or
eliminate up-lighting.
Cutoff and BUG Rating
Prior to 2007, the Illumination Engineering Society
(IES) used the cutoff classification system to rate the amount of
uplight produced by a luminaire. In 2007, cutoff classifications
were replaced with BUG (Backlight, Uplight, Glare) ratings. BUG
ratings are specified in IES document TM-15-11.
The center letter U of the BUG rating may range
from U0 with no uplight, to U5 with over 1000 lumens of uplight.
TxDOT's standard LED luminaires are specified to have an uplight
rating of U0. If the luminaires are mounted level they will not
emit any uplight.
Choice of Luminaires
Unless it is essential to have light aimed above
the horizontal (as for building facades, landscapes, and central
business districts, for example), luminaires with minimal uplight
should be used for lighting projects.
When emitting light above the horizontal is absolutely necessary
and in accordance with Texas Health and Safety Code,
(see appendix), the designer should strive to keep the
above-horizontal light as low as practical to accomplish the intended
effect. This can be achieved by using lower wattage luminaires,
by shielding, or by luminaire design.
Luminaire Modification
Glare shields may sometimes be added to existing luminaires
to reduce unwanted light straying onto private property. However,
glare shields change the light distribution of the luminaire, so
proposed luminaire modifications should be carefully analyzed to
be sure the roadway lighting will remain acceptable.