An archeological resource is a site characterized by the remains of past human occupation. Although it may be associated with a building, structure, object or district, an archeological resource is treated differently than historic resources. For the purposes of this discussion, “archeological resource” does not include historic resources, which are covered in another section. Protected archeological resources are called “historic properties.” An archeological historic property is an archeological resource listed in or eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or eligible for designation as a state archeological landmark. Except under unusual circumstances, the archeological resource must be at least 50 years old at the time construction begins. A cemetery with graves more than 50 years old must be treated as an archeological resource. State and federal laws regulate the impacts of transportation projects on archeological resources, so the LG must coordinate with the TxDOT district during the scoping of project which may impact these sites.

Guidance for these subjects and others can be found at the .

In general, archeological compliance responsibilities of the LG and TxDOT vary depending on project sponsorship, issues of funding, land ownership and the involvement of one or more federal agencies. The provides a detailed discussion of these responsibilities.