Two common parameters related to lane change behavior are the LCD and the Emergency Stop Distance (ESD). LCD is the point at which a vehicle attempts to change lanes prior to a decision point (e.g., a turning movement). The default LCD setting of 656.2 feet may cause vehicles to switch lanes too late. ESD is defined as the location where vehicles decide to stop and wait for a lane change. These two parameters have great effects on upstream traffic, so their calibration greatly improves a model’s accuracy. Additionally, the following parameters are calibrated in Vissim; reference the Vissim user guide for more guidance: