15.6.1 General Design Considerations

15.6.1 Interchange Spacing
Interchange spacing can have a major influence on freeway operations. Appropriate spacing of interchanges is impacted by several items including interchange type, lane configuration, weaving volumes, signing, signal progression, and lengths of speed-change lanes.
The recommended minimum interchange spacing in rural areas is 2 miles. In urban areas, the desirable interchange spacing is 1-mile.
Where closer spacing is desired or required, the use of braided ramps or collector-distributor roads is recommended. Braided ramps are ramps that cross over each other and are vertically separated. These ramps separate incoming and exiting traffic by having one ramp pass over the other, thereby eliminating traffic weaving, improving safety, and easing congestion.
Traffic operational analysis will be required where lower values of interchange spacing are used.
Interchange spacing is measured between the centerline of cross streets as shown in .
 Interchange Spacing Between Cross Streets ( click in image to see full-size image)
Figure 15-21: Interchange Spacing Between Cross Streets