Empirical Energy Loss Method (HDS 1)

Although hand computations are used rarely, the FHWA publication
Hydraulics of Bridge Waterways
 (
HDS 1
) presents methods for estimating bridge backwater effects. The HDS-1
Empirical Loss Method
presents a summary of the method that is appropriate for low flow Type I. (This flow type should predominate for the design of bridges over Texas streams.)