Damage to railing can be categorized as minor, intermediate, or major. Damage should be assessed on a case-by-case basis.

Minor rail damage is defined as spalling or cracking that does not extend beyond the outer reinforcing steel cage, with no loss in structural capacity, and that covers an area of less than 12 square inches. Additionally, there is no deformation of any steel components.

Intermediate damage extends beyond the outer cage of reinforcement but based on the Engineer’s assessment hasn’t significantly reduced rail capacity. The maximum depth of an intermediate spall is 6 inches.

Major rail damage occurs from any impact that necessitates restoration of structural capacity. Damage is typically greater than 6 inches deep and results in plastic deformation of reinforcing steel, anchor bolts, or other steel elements.

The Engineer may evaluate slight deformations in steel elements or reinforcement to determine whether they can be reused.

Deformations in galvanized steel can severely limit its long-term viability in preventing corrosion; therefore, damaged galvanized elements should typically be replaced rather than repaired or touched-up. In no case should damaged anchor bolts be reused.